الأ رملة و ابنها

الأ رملة و ابنها

هجم اليل مسرعا على شمالي لبنان متغلبا على نهار تساقطت فيه الثلوج على تلك القرى المحيط بوادي قاديشا، جاعلة تلك الحقول والهضاب صفحة بيضاء ترسم عليها الرياح خطوطا تمحوها الرياح، وتتلاعب بها العواصف مازجة الجو الغضوب بالطبيعة الهائلة.

اختبأ الانسان في منازله والحيوان في مرابضه وسكنت حركة كل ذي نسمة حية. ولم يبق غير برد قارس وزمهرير هائج وليل أسود مخيف وموت قوي مريع.

وكان في منزل منفرد بين تلك القرى امرأة جالسة امام موقد تنسج الصوف رداء وبقربها وحيدها ينظر تارة الى أشعة النار، وطورا الى وجه أمه الهادئ. في تلك الساعة عصفت الرياح بشدة وهزت أركان ذلك البيت فذعر الصبي واقترب من أمه محتميا بحنوها من غضب العناصر. فضمته الى صدرها وقبلته ثم أجلسته على ركبتيها وقالت " لا تجزع يا بني " فالطبيعة تريد أن تعظ الانسان مظهرة عظمتها تجاه صغره ،وقوتها بجانب ضعفه. لاتخف يا ولدي، فمن وراء الثوج المتساقط والغيوم المتلبدة والرياح العاصفة روح قدوس كلي عالم بما تحتاج اليه الحقول والآ كام. من وراء كل شيئ قوة ناظرة الى حقارة الا نسان بعين الشفقة والرحمة. لاتجزع، يافلذة كبدي، فالطبيعة التي ابتسمت في الربيع وضحكت في الصيف وتأوهت في الخريف تريد ان تبكي الآن ، ومن دموعها الباردة تستفي الحياة. نم يا ولدي، ففي الغد تستيقظ وترى السماء صافية، والحقول لابسة رداء الثلج الناصع مثلما ترتدي النفس ثوب الطهربعيد مصارعة الموت . نم يا وحيدي، فوالدك ناظر الآن الينا من مسارح الأبدية ، وحبذا عاصفة وثلوج تقربنا من ذكر تلك النفوس الخالدة. نم يا حبيبي، فمن هذه العناصب المتحاربة بعنف سوف تجني الأزهار الجميلة عندما يجيئ نيسان. كذا الانسان يا ابني ، لايستثمر المحبة الا بعد بعاد أليم وصبر مرّ. نم يا صغيري، فسوف تأتيء الأحلام العذبة الى نفسك غير خائفة من هيبة الليل وبطش البرد"

ونظر الصبي الى أمه وقد كحل النعاس عينيه وقال: " لقد أثقل أجفاني الكرى يا أماه وأخاف أن أنام قبل تلاوة الصلاة" فعانقته الحنون ونظرت من وراء الدموع الى وجهه الملائكي ثم قالت " قل معي يا ولدي : أشفق يا رب على الفقراء وارحمهم من قساوة البرد القارس واستر جسومهم العارية بيدك.

انظر الى اليتامى  النائمين  في الأكواخ وأنفاس الثلج تكلم أجسامهم.  اسمع يا رب نداء الأرامل القائمات في الشوارع بين مخارب الموت وأظفار البرد. امدد يدك يارب الى قلب الغني وافتح بصيرته ليرى فاقة الضعفاء المظلومين.ارفق يا رب بالجائعين الوافقين أمام الأبوا ب في هذا الليل الظلوم واهد الغرباء الى المآوي الدافئة وارحم غربتهم . انظريا رب الى العصافير الصغيرة واحفظ بيمينك الأشجار الخائفة من قساوة الرياح....ليكن هذا يا رب"

ولما عانق الكرى نفس الصبي مددته والدته على فراشه وقبلت جبهته بشفتين مر تجفتين ، ثم رجعت وجلست أمام الموقد تنسج له الصوف رداء.

Where Do Interpreters Work? /What is Interpreting? Interpreting, or interpretation

What is Interpreting? Interpreting, or interpretation, is the intellectual activity that consists of facilitating oral or sign-language communication, either simultaneously or consecutively, between two or among three or more speakers who are not speaking, or signing, the same language. The words interpreting and interpretation both can be used to refer to this activity; the word interpreting is commonly used in the profession and in the translation-studies field to avoid confusion with other meanings of the word interpretation. Not all languages employ, as English does, two separate words to denote the activities of written and live-communication (oral or sign-language) translators. Even English does not always make the distinction, frequently using translation as a synonym of interpreting, especially in nontechnical usage.

Where Do Interpreters Work?

The majority of professional full-time conference interpreters work for international organizations like the United Nations, the European Union, or the African Union. See the Career opportunities with DG Interpretation in European Union's institutions. The world's largest employer of interpreters is currently the European Commission, which employs hundreds of staff and freelance interpreters working into the official languages of the European Union. The European Union's other institutions (the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice) have smaller interpreting services.

The United Nations employs interpreters at almost all its sites throughout the world. Because it has only six official languages, however, it is a smaller employer than the European Union. Interpreters may also work as freelance operators in their local, regional and national communities, or may take on contract work under an interpreting business or service. They would typically take on work as described above. The U.S. military in Iraq and Afghanistan employ hundreds of interpreters to assist with its communications with the local population.

Translation of Sung Texts

Translation of a text that is sung in vocal music for the purpose of singing in another language — sometimes called "singing translation" — is closely linked to translation of poetry because most vocal music, at least in the Western tradition, is set to verse, especially verse in regular patterns with rhyme. (Since the late 19th century, musical setting of prose and free verse has also been practiced in some art music, though popular music tends to remain conservative in its retention of stanza forms with or without refrains.) A rudimentary example of translating poetry for singing is church hymns, such as the German chorales translated into English by Catherine Wink worth. Translation of sung texts is generally much more restrictive than translation of poetry, because in the former there is little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation and a translation that dispenses with verse structure. One might modify or omit rhyme in a singing 40 | P a g e Global Translation Institute translation, but the assignment of syllables to specific notes in the original musical setting places great challenges on the translator. There is the option in prose sung texts, less so in verse, of adding or deleting a syllable here and there by subdividing or combining notes, respectively, but even with prose the process is almost like strict verse translation because of the need to stick as closely as possible to the original prosody of the sung melodic line. Other considerations in writing a singing translation include repetition of words and phrases, the placement of rests and/or punctuation, the quality of vowels sung on high notes, and rhythmic features of the vocal line that may be more natural to the original language than to the target language. A sung translation may be considerably or completely different from the original, thus resulting in a contrafactum. Translations of sung texts — whether of the above type meant to be sung or of a more or less literal type meant to be read — are also used as aids to audiences, singers and conductors, when a work is being sung in a language not known to them. The most familiar types are translations presented as subtitles projected during opera performances, those inserted into concert programs, and those that accompany commercial audio CDs of vocal music. In addition, professional and amateur singers often sing works in languages they do not know (or do not know well), and translations are then used to enable them to understand the meaning of the words they are singing.

Where Do Interpreters Work?

Where Do Interpreters Work?

The majority of professional full-time conference interpreters work for international organizations like the United Nations, the European Union, or the African Union. See the Career opportunities with DG Interpretation in European Union's institutions. The world's largest employer of interpreters is currently the European Commission, which employs hundreds of staff and freelance interpreters working into the official languages of the European Union. The European Union's other institutions (the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice) have smaller interpreting services. 51 | P a g e Global Translation Institute (GTI)

The United Nations employs interpreters at almost all its sites throughout the world. Because it has only six official languages, however, it is a smaller employer than the European Union. Interpreters may also work as freelance operators in their local, regional and national communities, or may take on contract work under an interpreting business or service. They would typically take on work as described above. The U.S. military in Iraq and Afghanistan employ hundreds of interpreters to assist with its communications with the local population.

Interpreting Modalities

Interpreting Modalities

On-site, Telephone and Video Interpreting

Interpreting services can be delivered in multiple modalities. The most common modality through which interpreting services are provided is on-site interpreting. On-site interpreting Also called "in-person interpreting," this delivery method requires the interpreter to be physically present in order for the interpretation to take place. In on-site interpreting settings, all of the parties who wish to speak to one another are usually located in the same place. This is by far the most common modality used for most public and social service settings. Telephone interpreting Also referred to as "over-the-phone interpreting," "telephonic interpreting," and "tele-interpreting," telephones interpreting enables the interpreter to deliver interpretation via telephone. The interpreter is added to a conference call. Telephone interpreting may be used in place of on-site interpreting in some cases, especially when no on-site interpreter is readily available at the location where services are needed. However, telephone interpreting is more commonly used for situations in which all parties who wish to communicate are already speaking to one another via telephone (e.g. applications for insurance or credit cards that are taken over the phone, inquiries from consumers to businesses that take place via telephone, etc.)