The Term of Translation

Etymologically, translation is a "carrying across" or "bringing across". The Latin translation derives from the perfect passive participle, translatum, of transferre ("to transfer" — from trans, "across" + ferre, "to carry" or "to bring"). The modern Romance, Germanic and Slavic European languages have generally formed their own equivalent terms for this concept after the Latin model — after transferee or after the kindred traducere ("to bring across" or "to lead across"). Additionally, the Ancient Greek term for "translation", μετάφραςισ (metaphrasis, "a speaking across"), has supplied English with metaphrase (a "literal translation", or "word-for-word" translation)—as contrasted with paraphrase ("a saying in other words", from the Greek παράφραςισ, paraphrasis"). Metaphrase corresponds, in one of the more recent terminologies, to "formal equivalence", and paraphrase to "dynamic equivalence." 18 | P a g e Global Translation Institute (GTI)

A widely recognized icon for the practice and historic role of translation is the Rosetta Stone, which in the United States is incorporated into the crest of the Defense Language Institute.

Sign Language Interpreting

When a hearing person speaks, an interpreter will render the speaker's meaning into the sign language used by the deaf party. When a deaf person signs, an interpreter will render the meaning expressed in the signs into the spoken language for the hearing party, which is sometimes referred to as voice interpreting or voicing. This may be performed either as simultaneous or consecutive interpreting. Skilled sign language interpreters will position themselves in a room or space that allows them both to be seen by deaf participants and heard by hearing participants clearly and to see and hear participants clearly. In some circumstances, an interpreter may interpret from one sign language into an alternate sign language. Deaf people also work as interpreters. They team with hearing counterparts to provide interpretation for deaf individuals who may not share the standard sign language used in that country. In other cases the hearing interpreted sign may be too pidgin to be understood clearly, and the Deaf interpreter might interpret it into a more clear translation. They also relay information from one form of language to another — for example, when a person is signing visually, the deaf interpreter could be hired to copy those signs into a deaf-blind person's hand plus include visual information. In the United States, Sign Language Interpreters have National and State level associations. The Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID) is the national certifying body. In addition to training requirements and stringent certification testing, the RID members must abide by a Code of Professional Conduct, Grievance Process and Continuing Education Requirement. Sign Language Interpreters can be found in all types of interpreting situations, as listed in this article. Most interpreters have had formal training, in an Interpreter Training Program (ITP). ITP lengths vary, being available as a two-year or four-year degree or certificate. There are graduate programs available as well.

Setting your Translation Rates

There is a lot of demand for translators today. Knowing how much to charge your client can help you grow your client list or improve the profitability of your freelance translation business. When starting a career as a translator the rates can vary from $0.01 per word to $0.30 per word. But the rate depends on the project, length of the project, your expertise in that field, timeline of the project, and other variables that any translator should consider. If you have experience within a niche area, leverage that and position yourself as being more specialized in that space. Many times however, translators who have worked on just 2-3 projects will stretch the truth and claim expertise in areas they have never worked. Be upfront with your clients, be straightforward and honest with them and if needed slightly lower your rate on the first project or two in a new area until you prove yourself to them. 13 | P a g e Global Translation Institute (GTI)

Here is list of some common ways of rating your translation work:

·        Charge By the word – this is the most common way used by translators today. On top of that, you could also add a minimum fee. For instance, you could charge $0.10 per word and have a minimum fee of $25. (You can control the minimum fee by decreasing or increasing it at anytime). It gives you liability in the amount of work, and you are not "stuck" with very small projects.

·        By the hour – often charged for those types of translation job where charging by the words wouldn’t result in a reasonable payment (estimate how many hours it is going to take to translate). If the project will take too much of your time, the best way to get compensated in this case, is by charging your client by the hour.

·        By the Page – usually for official and legal documents (ex. Birth Certificates, Marriage Licenses and other legal docs).

·        Flat Fee – for small projects where you translate a minimum amount of words such as 250 words.

·        Geographic location – Where you should live should not affect how much to charge your clients.

By working for a translation company, your salary should be determined by the agency. So it is up to you whether you want to work for yourself and set up your own rating, or work for an agency where the fee is established by them.

روزہ کا اصل مقصد

ہر کام کا ایک مقصد ہوتا ہے، اس میں لازمی طور پر دو چیز ہوا کرتی ہیں ۔ ایک چیز تو وہ جس کے لیئے کام کیا جاتا ہے، اور دوسری چیز اس کی خاص شکل ہے جو اس مقصد کو حاصل کرنے کے ليئے اختیار کی جاتی ہے، آج ہماری عبادتیں کیوں بے اثر ہو گئی ہیں، آج کی سب سے بڑی غلطی یہ ہے کہ ہم نے روزے کے ارکان اور اس کے ظاہر صورت کو ہی اصل عبادت سمجھہ رکھا ہے جس نے یہ ارکان ادا کردیے اس نے بس اللہ کی عبادت کردی۔ جو روزہ دار صبح سے شام تک اللہ کی عبادت میں مشغول رہتا ہے وہ عین اس عبادت کی حالت میں جھوٹ کیسے بولتا ہے؟ غیبت کس طرح کرتا ہے؟ بات بات پر لڑتا کیوں ہے اس کی زبان سے گالیاں کیوں نکلتی ہیں؟ وہ لوگوں کا حق کیسے مارتا ہے؟ حرام کھانے اور حرام کھلانے کا کام کس طرح کرتا ہے؟ اور پھر یہ سب کام کرکے یہ کیسے سمجھتا ہے کہ اس نے خدا کی عبادت کی ہے؟

رمضان کے بعد پھر بے قیدی

360 گھنٹے خدا کی عبادت کرنے کے بعد جب ہم فارغ ہوتے ہیں تو اس پوری عبادت کے تمام اثرات شوال کی پہلی تاریخ ہو کو کا فور ہوجاتا ہے، ہندو جو اپنے تہوار میں کرتے ہیں وہ سب ہم اپنے عید میں کرتے ہیں، ہم میں سے کتنے ایسے ہیں جن کے اندر عید کے دوسرے دن بھی تقوی اور پرہیزگاری کا کوئي اثر باقی رہتا ہے؟ خدا کے قوانین میں کون سی کسر اٹھا رکھی جاتی ہے؟ نیک کاموں میں کتنا حصہ لیا جاتا ہے اور نفسیات میں کتنی کمی آجاتی ہے؟

مقصد زندگي – بندگئی رب

اسلام کا اصل مقصد انسان کی پوری زندگی کو اللہ کی عبادت بنادینا ہے، انسان بندہ پیدا ہوا ہے اور بندگي اس کی عین فطرت ہے۔ اس لیئے عبادت یعنی بندگی سے ایک لمحہ کے لیئے بھی آزاد نہ ہونا چاہیئے اللہ کی خوشی کس چیز میں ہے اور اس کا غضب اور ناراضگي کس چیز میں ہے اسے معلوم ہونا چاہیئے، اس کے غضب والے کاموں سے اس طرح بچے جس طرح آگ سے بچتا ہے۔ جو طریقہ اس نے پسند کیا ہے اس پر چلنا چا ہیئے اور جو نا پسند کیا ہے اسے چھوڑ دینا چاہیئے۔ جب انسان ساری زندگی اس رنگ میں رنگ جائے  تب سمجھو اس نے اپنے مالک کی بندگي کا حق ادا کیا  اور " وماخلقت الجن والانس الا لیعبدون" کا منشا پورا ہو گيا

Training to Become a Professional Translator

It is important to know the reasons you intend to become a certified translation professional. Is it for the money? Is it for the fame? Are you just interested in a part-time job or is it a hobby of yours? In order to become a good translator you will need to have the knowledge of your intentions in order to becoming a good one. You have to believe in them as the base of your entire Professional Translator career, that way you can develop your own rules, strategies and tools that will also determine your exclusive way of translating in a professional manner. It is necessary to identify your clients and work, each and every single one of them has different ways of visualizing their final work results. Your intention as a Professional Translator is to translate your client’s expectations with integrity and discipline to make your work worthwhile. The ideal Professional Translator should also find pleasure while working with translation. Despite the fact that you could spend hours, or even weeks working on the same piece of work, motivation is crucial. If you enjoy what you do, then certainly your work will demonstrate that to your readers and clients.

There are several benefits of becoming a certified translator

·       Personal enjoyment – you have the freedom to choose which translation field you’d be interested in working with. The field of translation is vast. One may become a legal/medical translator, while others may want to become specialized in other fields such as business, marketing etc. A translator that works with numerous fields is more likely to have clients at all times.

·       Self-sufficiency – here you have a great opportunity to start out your own translation business and set up your translation rates. The rate depends on the project, length of the project, your expertise in that field, timeline of the project, and other variables that any translator should consider.

·       Work as a freelance translator – creating and establishing your working style, making your schedule to accommodate as many hours as you wish to work.

Translation Industry set for big growth in India

Despite global recession, the $ 500 million Indian language translation sector, a sunrise industry, is likely to take off in a big way in the next three years, trade sources feel.

The Asian language translation market revenue accounted for $ 1312 million in 2008 and is projected to reach $ 1410 million in 2009 and touch $ 1516 million in 2010, according to Research and Consulting firm, Common Services Advisory.

The Indian translation market is poised for big growth as it is regarded as a great consumer base and especially as more and more multinational companies are setting shop here and the need to speak the language of the local populace is being felt more strongly than ever before, the sources said.

Currently Indian language market size might be estimated at “approximate value” of $ 500 million, Chinmayi Sripada, CEO of Chennai-based Blue Elephant, a leading language translation service provider, told PTI.

The estimate was based assuming India’s share at five per cent of the global market as per the growth pattern projected by Common Sense Advisory and also NASSCOM reports that India was sharing 5.2 per cent of the Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) market, she said.

She feels the language translation market has not yet hit boom time. ”It is still classified as a sun-rise industry and I think the boom will happen perhaps in the next three years.’

Ms. Chinmayi admits that recession has hit business globally. “Some of my clients worked on cutting down translation expenditure. But at the same time, this has also been the period where we have been able to tie up with new MNCs with regard to interpretation services.” Language translation service forayed into India in the late nineties with the internet gaining wider acceptance among the community. Earlier, linguists used to travel to the country concerned or work used to come to them.

Translation service providers say that the major market is still outside India with a majority of clients showing interest in translating the related text into several widely spoken Indian languages.

“With more tie-ups happening and with entrepreneurs wanting to add localization/interpretation/translation as another service of value to their clients, the translation industry is undoubtedly growing,” Ms. Chinmayi said.

Trade sources said though the market is growing, the challenge to it is that a major component of the industry functions in an unorganized, unaffiliated nature which, they feel, affects the quality of the final product.

Asked about this, Ms. Chinmayi said with individual linguists there is a “serious lack of professionalism and commitment.” “A lot of linguists in the market, especially interpreters of foreign languages do not have a great command over the English language, especially if they are translating into English,” she said.

Blue Elephant’s major clients, who include Scope, Ashok Leyland, Covansys (Now CSC), Ford, AdventNet, iGate and Renault Nissan, has recently started providing Japanese Interpretation services to various clients in Chennai.

The company’s recent assignments on interpretation and Translation have been in Japanese and Nordic Germanic languages like Dutch and Norwegian. “Our company has worked in 118 languages so far,” she said. It plans to soon set up offices in Mumbai, Delhi and the US.